Romanée-Conti, a climatized grand cru of the Vosne-Romanée appellation, is easily one of the most famous vineyards in the world. It covers just 1.81 hectares (4.47 acres) of vineyards on the middle slope of the Côte d'Or and is a monopoly of the iconic Domaine de la Romanée-Conti de Burgundy. The vineyard produces a unique Pinot Noir which is one of the most expensive and sought after wines in the world.

The climate is at the heart of the six grand cru vineyards of Vosne-Romanée and is bordered by Romanée-Saint-Vivant, Richebourg, La Grande Rue and the tiny La Romanée vineyard. It is roughly square in shape, measuring only 620 feet (190m) in diameter, making it one of the smallest appellations in France.

The vine was first planted in this part of the Côte d'Or by the monks of the abbey of Saint-Vivant in the Middle Ages. The land was bought by the de Croonembourg family in the 17th century and called La Romanée.

In the 18th century the site passed into the hands of the Prince of Conti, cousin of King Louis XV. It is claimed that the prince reserved the wines from the Romanée-Conti vineyard exclusively for his own personal consumption and only sold wines from the nearby La Tâche vineyard.

Romanée-Conti was confiscated along with several nearby sites during the French Revolution and sold at auction. At the end of the 19th century it passed under the control of the de Villaine family, who shared the property first with the Chambon family and then with the Leroy family.